Privilege: Its Role in Oppression

The Capitalist system produces two classes: theis used as a method of reward as well as a
Proletariat class and the Capitalist class. The firstmethod of punishment. The social system in place
class produces all of the wealth of society,then has interests, desires, wants, goals. Its
according to the instructions of the Capitalist class.natural role is to force people to comply with
The Capitalist class is composed of investors,orders. The privileged classes enjoy a higher
businessmen, entrepreneurs, all persons who arequality of living, because the framers of the social
in possession of the means of production. We aresystem gave them more consideration. By having
all aware of the variation of this class. There isthese privileged classes, the ruling class gains a
the small business owner, who might maketighter and firmer control of the majority. For
anywhere in between $50,000 and $250,000 in ainstance, kings in Europe would assign nobles who
year. There are business chain owners whoin turn controlled knights, the class honored with
probably make up to four times as much. Thenthe duty of force. Today, privilege is granted to all
there is the corporation: a single business that ismembers of society that produce more, because
owned unevenly by many investors.the fruit of their produce is taxed to feed
Those who are asked to lead the corporation, therunaway military and police budgets. By granting a
corporate executive officers, are taking thesmall amount of privilege to doctors, the whole of
traditional role of the business owner; theysociety can produce more wealth to feed more
become responsible for sales, salaries, advertising,troops. In that respect, the system gains more
everything that a business functions on. Thoseprotective strength, in order to maintain the
who own the stock make millions a year, due topresent order.
the CEO's organizing and the workers laboring.The citizen possesses the option to reject the
The variety of the Capitalist class is clear -- itoffers of privilege for special duties, such as
provides different degrees of affluence. Variationenrolling in the military or becoming a more
of income is not limited to the Capitalist class. Inproductive member of society. One might even
America, for instance, a minimum wage workertheoretically say that he possesses the option to
might make only $10,000 a year, while a physicianreject even the law, only if they are willing to
or engineer might make $80,000 a year, whileaccept the penalty of losing all privilege. And
other careers can make up to $100,000 orthough it is not difficult for us to use the phrase
$150,000 per year. Those who work hard and can"losing all privilege," we cannot forget that waking
impress supervisors by the quality of their laboreveryday in a prison cell is a very stark and brutal
may be promoted and given wage increases.reality for many. The ruling party of the state has
Laborers who enter vocational schools orone interest in mind: to maintain its present
universities improve their productive capabilities,regime and its ability to use coercive force on the
increasing their wages. Likewise, artists andmajority. Those who aid the state, the privileged
musicians in this society are paid according to howclasses, are rewarded for their duty. If the state
many people enjoy their creativity -- theoretically.were to lose its privileged classes, if the people
These are generalizations, but they are thewere to reject all programs of privilege, then the
primary defense of the system of Free Trade:ruling class would lose its power and authority.
people who work hard can advance and gainThe benefits that the rulers enjoy as the leaders
more privilege.of people would disintegrate. It is the nature of
Privilege. If a person has social privilege, thatgovernment to be corrupt, manipulative, and
means that they enjoy a greater part of the fruitexploitive, the first enemy of the people. The
of society's production, what our economists callFrench Revolution was a response to the endless
the gross national product. The use of privilege inreach of poverty due to the ruling class. The
a Capitalist system is obvious: it provides anCuban Revolution, the Russian Revolution, the
incentive to the laboring class to increase theirChinese Revolution, and many others were all
productive capabilities. If someone can createstarted by citizens that were discontent with their
more wealth with their labor, then they will begovernment. If, in these cases, the government
given a larger quantity of the social wealth, that iswas wise enough to distribute more privilege
to say, the total wealth produced by all society.instead of hording wealth, they might have
The first rule of granting privilege, of course, issurvived. The nations of the world today have
that the new amount of wealth assigned to thelearned some lessons from history. They are
individual is smaller than what their productivewilling to grant small concessions to the people, in
capabilities can do. For example, if an assembly lineorder to maintain their power and oppress their
worker gives more effort and energy in his labor,citizens in other ways.
he might produce any extra $5 of profit for hisThe use of privilege in modern society is simple.
employer per hour. In response, the employerBy many people accepting the offer of special
might decide to award him a pay raise. But, thetasks in order to accumulate wealth, the
wage increase would not be higher than $5, sincegovernment's coercion of the majority becomes
that wouldn't make sense to the employer'sstronger and stronger. The use of privilege is to
interests. Instead, it's typical that such a raisefuel the system's strength and ability to punish
might be $.50 to $1.00, if one were awarded at all.those who violate the law, the orders to the
Here is the first trend of privilege: by improvingmany. Those that accept this privilege are
your productive capabilities, where the presentessentially the reason why the present system
social order is maintained, you are rewarded bycan be maintained. To describe this, our political
the system accordingly. By creating more socialtheorists use the term oppression. A higher class
wealth, you are awarded a slightly larger piece ofis rewarded for its ability to maintain the present
the whole of society's productions.regime's policies and laws. Though propaganda is
Among the members of the privileged class,always used to convince the privileged class that
there is the police and the military -- coercionthey are doing what is right, they are also
used for attack and defense. This is therewarded a greater part of wealth, the key
protective, security class. In order to inducedetermining factor in their obedience. Aside from
members of society to join the ranks of thethe privileged class of society, there is also the
coercive class, the masters of the state haveruling class -- this is the class that asserts
offered them one thing: privilege. It is common incoercive authority over the majority. The ruling
every effective military or protective force thatclass has provided the majority with every
those who serve are rewarded with some kind ofreason for revolt and resistance, from organizing
privilege -- honors alone have never been enough.massacres, to slavery, to torture and vindictive
We often hear of the massive armies thatjudicial processes, to violating civil liberties, and
ancient emperors could muster just by arming allwrongfully imprisoning its citizens. Organized
of the males, however, they still received somecoercive authorities, or governments, are the
payment. One author in 1683 tells us: "But just asinstigators to the dark side of human nature. Their
soldiers fight under authority of the state, soonly goal is to maintain their control on the
what they take from the enemy, as properlymajority through oppression, aided by the use of
acquired for the state, not for the soldiers. Yet itprivilege. If the people were able to reorganize the
is everywhere customary to leave movablesocial structure on mutual and non-exploiting
property, especially of small value, to the soldiersagreements, then poverty would cease to infect
who have taken it; and this is connived at, or ittheir nations; the people would be able to work
takes the place of a reward, or sometimes ofand live in humane conditions.
pay; or it is to tempt such as may be willing toThe ruling class must oppose a fair and just
sell their blood when there is no compulsion." ["Onsociety. If every person were fairly awarded
the Duty of Man and Citizen According to thewealth based on how important they are to
Natural Law," by Samuel von Pufendorf, book 2,society, then everyone would have much higher
chapter 16, published in 1683.] In the United Statesincomes. In a society where the majority is
today, we find that soldiers are still consideredenslaved to the rule of one despot, those who
invaluable to the state. Their privilege includes aare given privilege to be soldiers make less than
paycheck higher than your average minimumthey would if everyone was free. The reason
wage worker, plus benefits of health and financialthat citizens give in to the offers that the ruling
aid for education. There are other techniques toparty makes is because there are enough others
gain compliance in mustering a military force. Adoing the same thing to the point where it is a
ruler could use his present military strength toprotected status. A government with a small
enslave others to the task of security. However,military or police force would be ineffective; it
to do this, the ruler must already have a militarywould instantly crumble the moment the people
strength with which to threaten the generaldemanded freedom. Citizens join the privileged
population to do his will. One early example of thisranks because they are already swollen. They
we discover in the pages of Aristotle, when weenter in for their mutual defense. In a free
read of Pisistratus, who enslaved the public oncesociety, they would enjoy even more privilege.
they allotted him a tax fund to hire soldiers. ["TheThey do not seek a free society for two
Athenian Constitution," by Aristotle, translated byreasons. First, if they sought out a revolutionary
Sir Frederic G. Kenyon, section 14.]change in the social structure, they would lose
The initial use of privilege as a means oftheir present privilege unless every other member
controlling society was by the early despots andof the privileged class did the same thing. Second,
tyrants. The only privilege they granted to anythey are convinced by the arguments of the
member of society was freedom in exchange forruling class that a truly free society could not
their service as soldiers in keeping the majorityexist. Their claim is that it is unnatural to humans
enslaved. It has been several thousand yearsto be free.
since the Spartan soldiers would enslave foreignWhile the use of privilege has become a great
villages, only so that they can live off of thedeal diversified, the essential ethic of the state
labors of others. Though the origin of privilege is aremains the same: the use of privilege to get a
part of the history of soldiers, modernized societypart of society to quell the majority is essential.
has allowed this concept to have much moreIts role of privilege is natural. It exists to induce
far-reaching effects. In today's world, privilege iscompliance with a social situation that would
awarded to a class based on how muchotherwise be unacceptable. Every piece of
productive capability it possesses, or how muchprivilege is established on the same firm ground. It
more the class adds to the social wealth based onis established on the slavery and submission of
their abilities, which make them unique, comparedthe majority. Those who enjoy privilege hold it
to the other classes. Factory workers, forsolely due to this slavery. When a citizen decides
example, have a higher income than otherto reach up and grab a larger slice of the pie,
blue-collar workers, because they are a skilledthey can only do this by stepping on the skulls of
class needed for their abilities. Physicians helptheir so-called fellow citizens. To grant one person
create more productivity by maintaining the healthlarger privilege is, in effect, to deny the majority
of society and fending off illness, hence, doctorsa part of their wealth. Revolutionaries throughout
are paid more. Judges, legislators, and otherhistory have denied all privilege for these reasons.
politicians are paid extremely well. Naturally, anyLeo Tolstoy sent all the royalties of his books to
group that has authoritative and coercive controlcharity, living as a father and a peasant. Che
of the majority will reward itself the greatestGuevara refused special treatment, eating
when distributing privilege. The inclusive ruling classside-by-side with ordinary soldiers in their Marxist
will always defend itself. The use of privilege andmilitias. Peter Kropotkin, the revered philosopher
its role in modern society is very apparent.of Anarchism, was born a prince, but he
What is the alternative to privilege? If a citizen inabandoned his privilege because it was built on
this society does not wish to obey the orders ofslavery. George Orwell, author of 1984, served in
the masters of the system, they will lose theirthe Spanish revolutionary forces as they battled
privilege. They would still enjoy some of the fruitsthe Fascist invasion. Siddartha Gautama, also
of society, but they would be among the class ofknown as "Buddha," was born in to wealth, but he
the majority with little privilege. That is the onlyalso abandoned everything that he had just so
punishment given to those who do not accept thethat he could understand truth. All of these great
offers of the system to become morepeople give us an important truth that we must
productive members. The offer of privilege readsunderstand. In order to overthrow oppressive
as follows: "Adhere to these special orders andsituations, in order to achieve a state of true
you will be rewarded." On the other end, there isfreedom and equality, we must reject all privileges
a threat: "Violate our laws, or the orders to thethat are built upon slavery -- we must have unity
many, and you will be punished with imprisonmentand solidarity. The revolution needs bold individuals
-- the complete inability to gain or enjoy anywho are willing to make sacrifices in order that
privilege." The use of privilege is two-fold, in that itthe majority can understand and live in freedom.